To this day, many Berwickers feel a close affinity to Scotland. The last time it changed hands was when Richard of Gloucester retook it for England in 1482.
The area was for more than 400 years central to historic border wars between the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, and several times possession of Berwick changed hands between the two kingdoms. It is the northernmost civil parish in England. A civil parish and town council were formed in 2008 comprising the communities of Berwick, Spittal and Tweedmouth.
Uniquely for England, the town is slightly further north than Denmark's capital Copenhagen and the southern tip of Sweden further east of the North Sea, which Berwick borders.īerwick was founded as an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the Kingdom of Northumbria, which was annexed by England in the 10th century.
The town is at the mouth of the River Tweed on the east coast, 56 mi (90 km) south east of Edinburgh, 65 mi (105 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne, and 345 mi (555 km) north of London. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded Berwick's population as 12,043.
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